Saturday, December 15, 2012

Late Literary Analysis: The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock


So here I am, trying to go back and catch up on the work that I didn’t get done when I should have…so, here we go!

1.       “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” is a poem by TS Eliot; it begins with the narrator, J Alfred Prufrock, inviting the reader to take a walk through a city. He describes the yellow fog that pervades the city, and social gatherings, including some women discussing Michelangelo (he refers to them a couple of times). Prufrock insists that there are many things to be done, and frets about seemingly insignificant matters (his physical appearance, clothing, eating a peach…). Prufrock also describes his aging body.
2.       The theme of the poem is inability to act or paralysis (I’ve run across quite a few articles that compare this piece to Hamlet…Prufrock also refers to the Prince of Denmark).
3.       Eliot’s tone is rather gloomy, and at times, the narrator sounds regretful. Some examples of this pessimistic tone include:
·         “Let us go then, you and I,           /When the evening is spread out against the sky/Like a patient etherized upon a table;” (Drugged patients aren’t a very cheerful way to describe something)
·         “I have measured out my life with coffee spoons;/I know the voices dying with a dying fall/Beneath the music from a farther room.”
·         “We have lingered in the chambers of the sea/By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown/Till human voices wake us, and we drown.”
4.       Literary elements included in the poem:
·         Metaphor: “The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes,/The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes/Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening,/Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains,/Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys,/Slipped by the terrace, made a sudden leap,/And seeing that it was a soft October night,/Curled once about the house, and fell asleep.”
·         Simile: “When the evening is spread out against the sky/Like a patient etherized upon a table”
·         Personification: “The muttering retreats/Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels”
·         Symbolism: “With a bald spot in the middle of my hair—” (Used as a symbol of his age)
·         Personification: “And the afternoon, the evening, sleeps so peacefully!/Smoothed by long fingers,/Asleep … tired … or it malingers,/Stretched on the floor, here beside you and me.”
·         Rhetorical Question: “Shall I part my hair behind? Do I dare to eat a peach?”
·         Allusion: Prufrock alludes to Hamlet, as he also suffers from the inability to act—“No! I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be…”
·         Imagery: “I have seen [the mermaids] riding seaward on the waves/Combing the white hair of the waves blown back/When the wind blows the water white and black.”
·         Synecdoche: “I should have been a pair of ragged claws/Scuttling across the floors of silent seas.” (Meaning he would have been better off as a crab)


1.       Some examples of direct characterization include the points where he describes his thinning hair and his coat pulled up to his chin. Much of the poem is an indirect characterization, describing Prufrock’s regrets, paralysis, etc. Eliot most likely uses both approaches because Prufrock is narrating this himself, so he wouldn’t give too many direct descriptions of himself, but when he does, it is helpful and necessary to the symbolism. Eliot’s use of both techniques is essential to Prufrock’s character, making him more realistic and gives him depth.
2.       Eliot mainly focuses on Prufrock, and his diction and syntax don’t really change as he focuses on other people.
3.       Prufrock doesn’t seem to change throughout the poem, so I suppose he is static. He does mention aging, but character-wise, the poem doesn’t seem to identify any changes…
4.       At first, I was prepared to say that I had simply read a character and didn’t get to know Prufrock very well. However, as I read the work over and over, and as I found others’ interpretations of Eliot’s symbols and allusions, I felt much more like I knew Prufrock as a person.

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